Clinical Bibliography: Pulse Oximetry Technology

Nonin is committed to investments in clinical research and education to improve patient care and safety. By partnering with leading clinicians and institutions in rigorous, scientific exploration of our technologies, Nonin aims to contribute to the general knowledge of pulse oximetry. Such collaborations allow for the advancement of clinical practice and technology solutions that will meet the unique and sometimes extraordinary needs of clinicians.

Clinical Resources

2024

• Gardner CL, Burke HB. Individual heart failure patient variability in nocturnal hypoxia and arrhythmias. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Oct 11;103(41):e40083. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000040083. PMID: 39465819.
• Hermans F, Arents E, Blondeel A, Janssens W, Cardinaels N, Calders P, Troosters T, Derom E, Demeyer H. Validity of a Consumer-Based Wearable to Measure Clinical Parameters in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Healthy Controls: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2024 Nov 6;12:e56027. doi: 10.2196/56027. PMID: 39504450; PMCID: PMC11559788.
• Joyce KE, Ashdown K, Delamere JP, Bradley C, Lewis CT, Letchford A, Lucas RAI, Malein W, Thomas O, Bradwell AR, Lucas SJE. Nocturnal pulse oximetry for the detection and prediction of acute mountain sickness: An observational study. Exp Physiol. 2024 Nov;109(11):1856-1868. doi: 10.1113/EP091691. Epub 2024 Sep 15. PMID: 39277825; PMCID: PMC11522851.
• Leeb G, Auchus I, Law T, Bickler P, Feiner J, Hashi S, Monk E, Igaga E, Bernstein M, Chou YC, Hughes C, Schornack D, Lester J, Moore K Jr, Okunlola O, Fernandez J, Shmuylovich L, Lipnick M. The performance of 11 fingertip pulse oximeters during hypoxemia in healthy human participants with varied, quantified skin pigment. EBioMedicine. 2024 Apr;102:105051. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105051. Epub 2024 Mar 8. PMID: 38458110; PMCID: PMC10943300.
• Mtetwa TK, Snelling EP, Buss PE, Donaldson AC, Roug A, Meyer LCR. Reliability, clinical performance and trending ability of a pulse oximeter and pulse co-oximeter, in monitoring blood oxygenation, at two measurement sites, in immobilised white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). BMC Vet Res. 2024 Jul 16;20(1):319. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04179-5. PMID: 39014383; PMCID: PMC11251122.
• Swamy SKN, He C, Hayes-Gill BR, Clark DJ, Green S, Morgan SP. Pulse oximeter bench tests under different simulated skin tones. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2024 Apr 24. doi: 10.1007/s11517-024-03091-2. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38653879.
• van Campen CLMC, Verheugt FWA, Rowe PC, Visser FC. The Cardiac Output-Cerebral Blood Flow Relationship Is Abnormal in Most Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients with a Normal Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Response During a Tilt Test. Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Dec 20;12(24):2566. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12242566. PMID: 39765993; PMCID: PMC11675211.

2023

• Child, Claire E., Morgan L. Kelly, Haley Sizelove, Marissa Garvin, Julia Guilliams, Paul Kim, Haotian D. Cai, SiWei Luo, Kevin J. McQuade, Erik R. Swenson, Amanda T. Wise, Ylinne T. Lynch, Lawrence A. Ho, Mary Beth Brown. A remote monitoring-enabled home exercise prescription for patients with interstitial lung disease at risk for exercise-induced desaturation. Respiratory Medicine. 2023(218). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107397.
• Doheny EP, Flood M, Ryan S, McCarthy C, O’Carroll O, O’Seaghdha C, Mallon PW, Feeney ER, Keatings VM, Wilson M, Kennedy N, Gannon A, Edwards C, Lowery MM. Prediction of low pulse oxygen saturation in COVID-19 using remote monitoring post hospital discharge. Int J Med Inform. 2023 Jan;169:104911. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104911. Epub 2022 Nov 2. PMID: 36347139; PMCID: PMC9625852.
• Gagnon-Turcotte G, Cote-Allard U, Mascret Q, Torresen J, Gosselin B. Photoplethysmography-based derivation of physiological information using the BioPoint. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2023 Jul;2023:1-5. doi: 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340642. PMID: 38083646.

2022

• Haahr-Raunkjaer C, Mølgaard J, Elvekjaer M, Rasmussen SM, Achiam MP, Jorgensen LN, Søgaard MIV, Grønbaek KK, Oxbøll AB, Sørensen HBD, Meyhoff CS, Aasvang EK. Continuous monitoring of vital sign abnormalities; association to clinical complications in 500 postoperative patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022 May;66(5):552-562. doi: 10.1111/aas.14048. Epub 2022 Feb 28. PMID: 35170026; PMCID: PMC9310747.
• Legrand N, Nikolova N, Correa C, Brændholt M, Stuckert A, Kildahl N, Vejlø M, Fardo F, Allen M. The heart rate discrimination task: A psychophysical method to estimate the accuracy and precision of interoceptive beliefs. Biol Psychol. 2022 Feb;168:108239. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108239. Epub 2021 Dec 11. PMID: 34902450.
• Mtetwa TK, Snelling EP, Buss P, Zeiler GE, Meyer LC. Reliability of pulse oximetry at four different attachment sites in immobilized white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). Vet Anaesth Analg. 2022 Nov;49(6):650-655. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.08.006. Epub 2022 Aug 24. PMID: 36151000.
• Nurmi J, Laukkanen-Nevala P, Kirves H, Raatiniemi L, Toivonen T, Tommila M, Piiroinen H, Setälä P, Karhivuori P, Tukia S, Olkinuora A. Cerebral oxygen desaturation events during and functional outcomes after prehospital anaesthesia: A prospective pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022 Jul;66(6):750-758. doi: 10.1111/aas.14066. Epub 2022 Apr 7. PMID: 35338647; PMCID: PMC9324814.
• Santos M, Vollam S, Pimentel MA, Areia C, Young L, Roman C, Ede J, Piper P, King E, Harford M, Shah A, Gustafson O, Tarassenko L, Watkinson P. The Use of Wearable Pulse Oximeters in the Prompt Detection of Hypoxemia and During Movement: Diagnostic Accuracy Study. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Feb 15;24(2):e28890. doi: 10.2196/28890. PMID: 35166690; PMCID: PMC8889481.

2021

• Mark N, Lyubin A, Gerasi R, Ofir D, Tsur AM, Chen J, Bader T. Comparison of the Effects of Motion and Environment Conditions on Accuracy of Handheld and Finger-Based Pulse Oximeters. Mil Med. 2021 Jan 25;186(Suppl 1):465-472. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usaa314. PMID: 33499470.
• Santos MD, Roman C, Pimentel MAF, Vollam S, Areia C, Young L, Watkinson P, Tarassenko L. A Real-Time Wearable System for Monitoring Vital Signs of COVID-19 Patients in a Hospital Setting. Front Digit Health. 2021 Sep 7;3:630273. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.630273. PMID: 34713102; PMCID: PMC8521865.
• Thavagnanam S, H’ng SY, Nathan AM, Eg KP, Chinna K, Hajar Bte Turbirin S, Anne de Bruyne J. WRISTOX2 is a reliable tool to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Dec;151:110930. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110930. Epub 2021 Sep 22. PMID: 34571207.
• Thomas RJ, Kim H, Maillard P, DeCarli CS, Heckman EJ, Karjadi C, Ang TFA, Au R. Digital sleep measures and white matter health in the Framingham Heart Study. Explor Med. 2021;2(3):253-267. doi: 10.37349/emed.2021.00045. Epub 2021 Jun 30. PMID: 34927164; PMCID: PMC8682916.

2020

• Areia C, Young L, Vollam S, Ede J, Santos M, Tarassenko L, Watkinson P. Wearability Testing of Ambulatory Vital Sign Monitoring Devices: Prospective Observational Cohort Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Dec 16;8(12):e20214. doi: 10.2196/20214. PMID: 33325827; PMCID: PMC7773507.
• Kelly KL, Carlson AR, Allison TG, Johnson BD. A comparison of finger and forehead pulse oximeters in heart failure patients during maximal exercise. Heart Lung. 2020 May-Jun;49(3):259-264. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.10.012. Epub 2019 Nov 14. PMID: 31735457; PMCID: PMC7220844.
• Lauterbach CJ, Romano PA, Greisler LA, Brindle RA, Ford KR, Kuennen MR. Accuracy and Reliability of Commercial Wrist-Worn Pulse Oximeter During Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure Under Resting Conditions. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2021 Sep;92(3):549-558. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1759768. Epub 2020 Jul 7. PMID: 32633688.

2019

• Bonnevie T, Gravier FE, Elkins M, Dupuis J, Prieur G, Combret Y, Viacroze C, Debeaumont D, Robleda-Quesada A, Quieffin J, Lamia B, Patout M, Cuvelier A, Muir JF, Medrinal C, Tardif C. People undertaking pulmonary rehabilitation are willing and able to provide accurate data via a remote pulse oximetry system: a multicentre observational study. J Physiother. 2019 Jan;65(1):28-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2018.11.002. Epub 2018 Dec 17. PMID: 30573441.
• Buekers J, Theunis J, De Boever P, Vaes AW, Koopman M, Janssen EV, Wouters EF, Spruit MA, Aerts JM. Wearable Finger Pulse Oximetry for Continuous Oxygen Saturation Measurements During Daily Home Routines of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Over One Week: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Jun 6;7(6):e12866. doi: 10.2196/12866. PMID: 31199331; PMCID: PMC6594211.
• Harris BU, Stewart S, Verma A, Hoen H, Stein ML, Wright G, Ramamoorthy C. Accuracy of a portable pulse oximeter in monitoring hypoxemic infants with cyanotic heart disease. Cardiol Young. 2019 Aug;29(8):1025-1029. doi: 10.1017/S1047951119001355. Epub 2019 Jul 15. PMID: 31304897.
• Meys R, Schiefer M, de Nijs SB, Bindels H, de Kruif MD. Measurement of Dynamic Hyperinflation During the 6-Minute Walk Test Using a Mobile Device. Respir Care. 2019 Feb;64(2):182-188. doi: 10.4187/respcare.06307. Epub 2018 Dec 24. PMID: 30584067.
• Misu S, Kaneko M, Sakai H, Oki Y, Fujimoto Y, Ishikawa A, Ono R. Exercise-Induced Oxygen Desaturation as a Predictive Factor for Longitudinal Decline in 6-Minute Walk Distance in Subjects With COPD. Respir Care. 2019 Feb;64(2):145-152. doi: 10.4187/respcare.06169. Epub 2018 Oct 16. PMID: 30327337.
• Voutselas S, Stavrou V, Zouridis S, Vavougios G, Gourgroulianis KI, Voutselas V. The effect of sleep quality in Sherpani Col High Camp Everest. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2019 Nov;269:103261. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103261. Epub 2019 Jul 26. PMID: 31352013.

2018

• Brown MB, Kempf A, Collins CM, Long GM, Owens M, Gupta S, Hellman Y, Wong V, Farber M, Lahm T. A prescribed walking regimen plus arginine supplementation improves function and quality of life for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot study. Pulm Circ. 2018 Jan-Mar;8(1):2045893217743966. doi: 10.1177/2045893217743966. PMID: 29199900; PMCID: PMC5731727.
• Dalbak LG, Schirmer H, Straand J, Mdala I, Solberg OG, Melbye H. Impaired left ventricular filling is associated with decreased pulse oximetry values. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2018 Aug;52(4):211-217. doi: 10.1080/14017431.2018.1464662. Epub 2018 Apr 19. PMID: 29671629.
• Darquenne C, Elliott AR, Sibille B, Smales ET, DeYoung PN, Theilmann RJ, Malhotra A. Upper airway dynamic imaging during tidal breathing in awake and asleep subjects with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy controls. Physiol Rep. 2018 May;6(10):e13711. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13711. PMID: 29845763; PMCID: PMC5974719.
• Gumb T, Twumasi A, Alimokhtari S, Perez A, Black K, Rapoport DM, Sunderram J, Ayappa I. Comparison of two home sleep testing devices with different strategies for diagnosis of OSA. Sleep Breath. 2018 Mar;22(1):139-147. doi: 10.1007/s11325-017-1547-9. Epub 2017 Aug 19. PMID: 28823109; PMCID: PMC5818320.
• Zampoli M, Abousetta N, Vanker A. Overnight oximetry as a screening tool for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea in South African children. S Afr Med J. 2018 Dec 13;109(1):23-26. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v109i1.13033. PMID: 30606300.

2017

• Andrés-Blanco AM, Álvarez D, Crespo A, Arroyo CA, Cerezo-Hernández A, Gutiérrez-Tobal GC, Hornero R, Del Campo F. Assessment of automated analysis of portable oximetry as a screening test for moderate-to-severe sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 27;12(11):e0188094. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188094. PMID: 29176802; PMCID: PMC5703515.
• Dixon, K, M Shuler, A Broussard, M Rosksky. A Comparison of Wireless Pulse Oximetry Technologies during Sustained Shivering in Post-Operative Patients. J Anesthesia & Clinical Research 2017; 8(10).
• Dixon, Kelley & Broussard, Austin & Roskosky, Mellisa & Shuler, Michael. (2017). SpO2 and Pulse Rate Data: A Comparison of Current Technologies during Sustained Shivering in Post-Operative Patients. Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research. 08. 10.4172/2155-6148.1000715.
• Lampland A. Evaluation of Accuracy of a Pulse Oximeter Designed for Use in the Neonatal Population. Neonatal Intensive Care , Spring Issue 2017.
• Odudu LA, Ezenwa BN, Esezobor CI, Ekure EN, Egri Okwaji MTC, Ezeaka CV, Njokanma FO, Ladele J. Pre- and Post-ductal oxygen saturation among apparently healthy low birth weight neonates. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2017 Oct-Dec;24(4):224-229. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_164_17. PMID: 29355161.
• Sharma S, Mather PJ, Chowdhury A, Gupta S, Mukhtar U, Willes L, Whellan DJ, Malhotra A, Quan SF. Sleep overnight monitoring for apnea in patients hospitalized with heart failure (SOMA-HF Study). J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(10):1185–1190
• Singh AK, Sahi MS, Mahawar B, Rajpurohit S. Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Pulse Oximeters and Factors Affecting Their Performance in a Tertiary Intensive Care Unit. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jun;11(6):OC05-OC08. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24640.9961. Epub 2017 Jun 1. PMID: 28764215; PMCID: PMC5535407.

2016

• Burke RM, Maxwell B, Hunter C, Graham D, O’Donoghue D, Shields MD. Night-to-night variation of pulse oximetry in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Arch Dis Child. 2016 Dec;101(12):1095-1099. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308981. Epub 2016 Mar 11. PMID: 26969584.
• Dixon, LC, D Ward, J Smith, S Holmes, and R Mahadeva. New and emerging technologies for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A horizon scanning review. Chronic Respiratory Disease 2016. 13(4) 321-336.
• Vaughan L, Redline S, Stone K, Ulanski J, Rueschman M, Dailey H, Rapp SR, Snively BM, Baker LD, Shumaker SA. Feasibility of self-administered sleep assessment in older women in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Sleep Breath. 2016 Sep;20(3):1079-91. doi: 10.1007/s11325-016-1314-3. Epub 2016 Jan 29. PMID: 26825380.

2015

• Convertino VA, Howard JT, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Cardin S, Batchelder P, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Moulton SL, MacLeod DB. Individual-Specific, Beat-to-beat Trending of Significant Human Blood Loss: The Compensatory Reserve. Shock. 2015 Aug;44 Suppl 1:27-32. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000323. PMID: 25565640.
• Villa MP, Pietropaoli N, Supino MC, Vitelli O, Rabasco J, Evangelisti M, Del Pozzo M, Kaditis AG. Diagnosis of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Settings With Limited Resources. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Nov;141(11):990-6. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2015.2354. PMID: 26540025.
• Ward, R., Raheja, P., Singh, A.K., Resident, & Rao, H. (2015). Comparison of Latencies and Time to Stabilization of Pulse Oximeters at a Tertiary Health Care Facility. International Journal of Scientific Study.

2014

• Andrianopoulos V, Franssen FM, Peeters JP, Ubachs TJ, Bukari H, Groenen M, Burtin C, Vogiatzis I, Wouters EF, Spruit MA. Exercise-induced oxygen desaturation in COPD patients without resting hypoxemia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2014 Jan 1;190:40-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 9. PMID: 24121092.
• Farmer A, Toms C, Hardinge M, Williams V, Rutter H, Tarassenko L. Self-management support using an Internet-linked tablet computer (the EDGE platform)-based intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for the EDGE-COPD randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2014 Jan 8;4(1):e004437. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004437. PMID: 24401729; PMCID: PMC3902407.
• Krygiel RG, Waye AB, Baptista RR, Heidner GS, Rehnberg L, Russomano T. The evaluation of upper body muscle activity during the performance of external chest compressions in simulated hypogravity. Life Sci Space Res (Amst). 2014 Apr;1:60-6. doi: 10.1016/j.lssr.2014.01.004. Epub 2014 Feb 4. PMID: 26432590.

2013

• Dhabangi A, Mworozi E, Lubega IR, Cserti-Gazdewich CM, Maganda A, Dzik WH. The effect of blood storage age on treatment of lactic acidosis by transfusion in children with severe malarial anaemia: a pilot, randomized, controlled trial. Malar J. 2013 Feb 6;12:55. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-55. PMID: 23388470; PMCID: PMC3571913.
• Kollmann D, Hogan WK, Steidl C, Hibbs-Brenner MK, Hedin DS, Lichter PA. VCSEL based, wearable, continuously monitoring pulse oximeter. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2013;2013:4156-9. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6610460. PMID: 24110647.
• Kwok AC, Funk LM, Baltaga R, Lipsitz SR, Merry AF, Dziekan G, Ciobanu G, Berry WR, Gawande AA. Implementation of the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist, including introduction of pulse oximetry, in a resource-limited setting. Ann Surg. 2013 Apr;257(4):633-9. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182777fa4. PMID: 23207242.
• Petersen CL, Gan H, MacInnis MJ, Dumont GA, Ansermino JM. Ultra-low-cost clinical pulse oximetry. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2013;2013:2874-7. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6610140. PMID: 24110327.
• Ross EM, Matteucci MJ, Shepherd M, Barker M, Orr L. Measuring arterial oxygenation in a high altitude field environment: comparing portable pulse oximetry with blood gas analysis. Wilderness Environ Med. 2013 Jun;24(2):112-7. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2012.11.009. Epub 2013 Feb 21. PMID: 23434169.

2012

• Gregoski MJ, Mueller M, Vertegel A, Shaporev A, Jackson BB, Frenzel RM, Sprehn SM, Treiber FA. Development and validation of a smartphone heart rate acquisition application for health promotion and wellness telehealth applications. Int J Telemed Appl. 2012;2012:696324. doi: 10.1155/2012/696324. Epub 2012 Jan 5. PMID: 22272197; PMCID: PMC3261476.
• Nigro CA, Dibur E, Rhodius E. Accuracy of the clinical parameters and oximetry to initiate CPAP in patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2012 Dec;16(4):1073-9. doi: 10.1007/s11325-011-0603-0. Epub 2011 Oct 14. PMID: 22009031.
• Tang J, Mandrusiak A, Russell T. The feasibility and validity of a remote pulse oximetry system for pulmonary rehabilitation: a pilot study. Int J Telemed Appl. 2012;2012:798791. doi: 10.1155/2012/798791. Epub 2012 Sep 24. PMID: 23049549; PMCID: PMC3462379.
• Vold ML, Aasebø U, Hjalmarsen A, Melbye H. Predictors of oxygen saturation ≤95% in a cross-sectional population based survey. Respir Med. 2012 Nov;106(11):1551-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.06.016. Epub 2012 Jul 13. PMID: 22795506.

2011

• Johnston ED, Boyle B, Juszczak E, King A, Brocklehurst P, Stenson BJ. Oxygen targeting in preterm infants using the Masimo SET Radical pulse oximeter. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2011 Nov;96(6):F429-33. doi: 10.1136/adc.2010.206011. Epub 2011 Mar 6. PMID: 21378398; PMCID: PMC3195299.
• Nigro CA, Dibur E, Rhodius E. Pulse oximetry for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: can the memory capacity of oxygen saturation influence their diagnostic accuracy? Sleep Disord. 2011;2011:427028. doi: 10.1155/2011/427028. Epub 2011 Oct 19. PMID: 23471171; PMCID: PMC3581239.
• Thiele RH, Tucker-Schwartz JM, Lu Y, Gillies GT, Durieux ME. Transcutaneous regional venous oximetry: a feasibility study. Anesth Analg. 2011 Jun;112(6):1353-7. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182166a26. PMID: 21613200.

2010

• Alvarez D, Hornero R, Marcos JV, del Campo F. Multivariate analysis of blood oxygen saturation recordings in obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2010 Dec;57(12):2816-24. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2010.2056924. Epub 2010 Jul 8. PMID: 20624698.
• Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Mannheimer PD. Accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia. Anesth Analg. 2010 Jul;111(1):143-8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c91bb6. Epub 2009 Dec 10. PMID: 20007731.
• Karinen HM, Peltonen JE, Kähönen M, Tikkanen HO. Prediction of acute mountain sickness by monitoring arterial oxygen saturation during ascent. High Alt Med Biol. 2010 Winter;11(4):325-32. doi: 10.1089/ham.2009.1060. PMID: 21190501.

2009

• Nigro CA, Aimaretti S, Gonzalez S, Rhodius E. Validation of the WristOx 3100 oximeter for the diagnosis of sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2009 May;13(2):127-36. doi: 10.1007/s11325-008-0217-3. Epub 2008 Oct 2. PMID: 18830731.
• Thomas FO, Hoffman TL, Handrahan DL, Crapo RO, Snow G. The measure of treatment agreement between portable and laboratory blood gas measurements in guiding protocol-driven ventilator management. J Trauma. 2009 Aug;67(2):303-13; discussion 313-4. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5f055. PMID: 19667883.

2008

• Knorr-Chung BR, McGrath SP, Blike GT. Identifying airway obstructions using photoplethysmography (PPG). J Clin Monit Comput. 2008 Apr;22(2):95-101. doi: 10.1007/s10877-008-9110-7. Epub 2008 Jan 25. PMID: 18219579.
• Vargas MH, Heyaime-Lalane J, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Zúñiga-Vázquez G, Furuya ME. Day-night fluctuation of pulse oximetry: an exploratory study in pediatric inpatients. Rev Invest Clin. 2008 Jul-Aug;60(4):303-10. PMID: 18956552.

2007

• Feiner JR, Severinghaus JW, Bickler PE. Dark skin decreases the accuracy of pulse oximeters at low oxygen saturation: the effects of oximeter probe type and gender. Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec;105(6 Suppl):S18-S23. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000285988.35174.d9. PMID: 18048893.

2006

• Linder SP, Wendelken SM, Wei E, McGrath SP. Using the morphology of photoplethysmogram peaks to detect changes in posture. J Clin Monit Comput. 2006 Jun;20(3):151-8. doi: 10.1007/s10877-006-9015-2. Epub 2006 May 11. PMID: 16688391.
• Torre-Bouscoulet L, Chávez-Plascencia E, Vázquez-García JC, Pérez-Padilla R. Precisión y exactitud de un oxímetro de pulso “de bolsillo” en la ciudad de México [Precision and accuracy of “a pocket” pulse oximeter in Mexico City]. Rev Invest Clin. 2006 Jan-Feb;58(1):28-33. Spanish. PMID: 16789596.

2005

• Bickler PE, Feiner JR, Severinghaus JW. Effects of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy at low saturation. Anesthesiology. 2005 Apr;102(4):715-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200504000-00004. PMID: 15791098.
• Reix P, Dumont S, Duvareille C, Cyr J, Moreau-Bussière F, Arsenault J, Praud JP. Monitoring pulse oximetry via radiotelemetry in freely-moving lambs. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2005 May 12;147(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.01.002. PMID: 15848124.

2004

• Bernard SL, An D, Glenny RW. Validation of the Nonin 8600V Pulse Oximeter for heart rate and oxygen saturation measurements in rats. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 2004 May;43(3):43-5. PMID: 15174817.
• Kober A, Schubert B, Bertalanffy P, Gorove L, Puskas T, Gustorff B, Joldzo A, Hoerauf K. Capnography in non-tracheally intubated emergency patients as an additional tool in pulse oximetry for prehospital monitoring of respiration. Anesth Analg. 2004 Jan;98(1):206-210. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000090145.73834.2F. PMID: 14693620.
• Zelveian PA, Oshchepkova EV, Buniatian MS, Rogoza AN. Osobennosti gipotenzivnogo éffekta u bol’nykh arterial’noĭ gipertonieĭ s desaturatsionnymi priznakami sindroma obstruktivnogo apnoé vo vremia sna [Characteristics of hypotensive effect in patients with arterial hypertension and desaturation signs of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome during sleep]. Ter Arkh. 2004;76(6):81-4. Russian. PMID: 15332583.

2003

• Elman LB, Siderowf AD, McCluskey LF. Nocturnal oximetry: utility in the respiratory management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 Nov;82(11):866-70. doi: 10.1097/01.PHM.0000091985.22659.30. PMID: 14566155

2002

• Young SS, Skeans SM, Lamca JE, Chapman RW. Agreement of SpO2, SaO2 and ScO2 in anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Anaesth Analg. 2002 Jul;29(3):150-155. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00086.x. Epub 2016 Nov 15. PMID: 28404239.

2000

• Hill AS, Kurkowski TB, Garcia J. Oral support measures used in feeding the preterm infant. Nurs Res. 2000 Jan-Feb;49(1):2-10. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200001000-00002. PMID: 10667623.

1996

• Macnab AJ, Smith M, Phillips N, Smart P. Oximeter reliability in a subzero environment. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996 Nov;67(11):1053-6. PMID: 8908343.